Bridging the Mission–Implementation Gap: Evidence from a Public Law University in Vietnam
Main Article Content
Abstract
Mission, vision, educational philosophy, and core values (MVPG) are important components of strategic governance in higher education institutions. However, many universities encounter challenges in translating these institutional commitments into governance practices. This study examines the MVPG operationalisation at a public specialized law university in Vietnam (hereafter referred to as the Law University). A qualitative case study design was employed using documentary analysis of six external evaluation reports and the university’s strategic development plan, spanning from 2018 to 2025. The findings reveal several implementation gaps, including the absence of a formalised educational philosophy, limited governance mechanisms for monitoring MVPG implementation, insufficient integration of MVPG into performance measurement systems, and challenges in evidence-based accountability. Thereby, a Four-Pillar Governance Framework comprising institutionalisation, strategic alignment, quality assurance integration, and accountability is proposed. The study demonstrates how institutional statements can function as governance instruments rather than merely symbolic declarations and provides practical implications for strengthening strategic coherence, quality assurance, and accountability in higher education institutions.
Keywords
accountability, case study, higher education governance, mission implementation, quality assurance, university autonomy
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Bartkus, B. R., Glassman, M., & McAfee, R. B. (2006). Mission statement quality and financial performance. European Management Journal, 24(1), 86-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2005.12.010
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Bryson, J. M. (2018). Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Center for Education Accreditation, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. (2018). External evaluation report for institutional accreditation: University of Law, Hue University [Accreditation report].
Center for Education Accreditation, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. (2022a). External evaluation report for the undergraduate Law programme [Accreditation report].
Center for Education Accreditation, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. (2022b). External evaluation report for the undergraduate Economic Law programme [Accreditation report].
European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education. (2015). Standards and guidelines for quality assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG 2015). ENQA.
European University Association. (2021). Universities without walls: A vision for 2030. European University Association. https://eua.eu/resources/publications/957:universities-without-walls-a-vision-for-2030.html
Fielden, J. (2008). Global trends in university governance. The World Bank.
Harvey, L., & Stensaker, B. (2008). Quality culture: Understandings, boundaries and linkages. European Journal of Education, 43(4), 427-442. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3435.2008.00367.x
Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1996). The balanced scorecard: Translating strategy into action. Harvard Business School Press.
Middlehurst, R. (2004). Changing internal governance: A discussion of leadership roles and management structures in UK universities. Higher Education Quarterly, 58(4), 258-279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2273.2004.00273.x
Morphew, C. C., & Hartley, M. (2006). Mission statements: A thematic analysis of rhetoric across institutional type. The Journal of Higher Education, 77(3), 456-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2006.11778934
Nguyen, D. V., Truong, T. D., Mai, T. V., Tran, D. V., & Ho, Q. M. (2024). Improving university governance capacity for administrative staff: A case of Vietnam . Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 7(1), 2025027. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2025027
OECD. (2022). Education policy outlook 2022: Transforming pathways for lifelong learners. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/c77c7a97-en
Pham, V. Q., Le, H. H., & Pham. T. T. H. (2023). Autonomy governance transformation in the higher education institutions towards the typical models in Vietnam. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 23(20), 125-138. https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i20.6685
Scott, W. R. (2014). Institutions and organizations: Ideas, interests, and identities (4th ed.). Sage.
Ta, T. T. H., Mai, T. N., Nguyen, T. T. H., Vu, M. P., & Nguyen, C. U. (2022). Higher education quality assurance and accreditation and university autonomy implementation in Vietnam. VNU Journal of Science: Education Research, 38(2), 83-101. https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1159/vnuer.4660
Ta, T. T. L. (2026). University autonomy and accountability in Vietnam: A case study of Thu Dau Mot University. Scientia. Technology, Science and Society, 3(4), 38-47. https://doi.org/10.59324/stss.2026.3(4).04
Thang Long Education Quality Accreditation Center. (2023). External evaluation report for institutional accreditation (Cycle 2): University of Law, Hue University [Accreditation report].
Thang Long Education Quality Accreditation Center. (2025a). External evaluation report for the master's programme in Economic Law [Accreditation report].
Thang Long Education Quality Accreditation Center. (2025b). External evaluation report for the doctoral programme in Economic Law [Accreditation report].
UNESCO. (2021). Reimagining our futures together: A new social contract for education. UNESCO Publishing. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000379707
University of Law, Hue University. (2025). Strategic development plan for the period 2025-2030, vision to 2050 [Institutional document].
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Sage.